The spruce moth is a mid-summer terrestrial event that some Western rivers see and others don’t — it depends on the conifer outbreak cycle.

When summer hits its hottest stretch and aquatic hatches thin out, hoppers become the menu.

Ants are the second-most-important terrestrial after grasshoppers — and on small streams, in technical low-water conditions, or during a flying-ant swarm, they’re the more important of the two.